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Vacuum cleaner configurations:
- Upright vacuum cleaners take the form of a cleaning head, onto which a handle and bag are attached. Upright designs usually employ a rotating brushroll or beater bar, which removes dirt through a combination of sweeping and vibration. There are two types of upright vacuums; dirty-fan/direct air (found mostly on commercial vacuums), or clean-air/fan-bypass (found on most of today's vacuums).
The older of the two designs, direct-fan cleaners have a large impeller (fan) mounted close to the suction opening, through which the dirt passes directly, before being blown into a bag. The motor is often cooled by a separate cooling fan. Because of their large-bladed fans, and comparatively short airpaths, direct-fan cleaners create a very efficient airflow from a low amount of power, and make great carpet cleaners. Their 'above-floor' cleaning power is less efficient, since the airflow is lost when it passes through a long hose.
Fan-bypass uprights have their motor mounted after the bag. Dust is removed from the airstream by the bag, and usually a filter, before it passes through the fan. The fans are smaller, and are usually a combination of several moving and stationary turbines working in sequence to boost power. The motor is cooled by the airstream passing through it. Fan-bypass vacuums are good for both carpet and above-floor cleaning, since their suction does not significantly diminish over the distance of a hose, as it does in direct-fan cleaners. However, their air-paths are much less efficient, and can require more than twice as much power than direct-fan cleaners to achieve the same results.
The least common upright vacuum cleaners use a drive-belt powered by the suction motor to rotate the brush-roll. However, a more common design of dual motor upright is available. In these cleaners, the suction is provided via a large motor, while the brushroll is powered by a separate, smaller motor, which does not create any suction. The brush-roll motor can sometimes be switched off, so hard floors can be cleaned without the brush-roll scattering the dirt. It may also have an automatic cut-off feature, which shuts the motor off if the brush-roll becomes jammed, protecting it from damage.
- House Vacuum Commonly referred to as the HVACC system is a whole house vacumming system stemming from a central suction unit usually stored in a utility closet or the garage. The turbine uses the suction power to spin the brushroll via a drive belt, but it requires the highest suction power to work effectively.
- Canister (or cylinder or tank) designs have the motor and bag in a separate canister unit (usually mounted on wheels) connected to the vacuum head by a flexible hose. Although upright units have been tested as more effective (mainly because of the beaters), the lighter, more maneuverable heads of canister models are popular. Some upmarket canister models have "power heads", which contain the same sort of mechanical beaters as in upright units, although such beaters are driven by a separate electric motor or air driven turbine. The turbine uses the suction power to spin the brushroll via a drive belt, but it requires the highest suction power to work effectively.
- Wet vacs or wet/dry vacuums—a specialized form of the canister vacuum can be used to clean up wet or liquid spills. They commonly can accommodate both wet and dry soilage; some are also equipped with a switch or exhaust port for reversing the airflow, a useful function for everything from clearing a clogged hose to blowing dust into a corner for easy collection.
- Pneumatic vacs or Pneumatic wet/dry vacuums—a specialized form of vacuum—can be used to clean up wet or liquid spills that hook up to compressed air. They commonly can accommodate both wet and dry soilage, a useful feature in industrial plants and manufacturing facilities.
- Back-pack vacs are commonly used for commercial cleaning: they allow the user to move rapidly about a large area. They are essentially canister vacuum cleaners, except that straps are used to carry the canister unit on the user's back.
- Built-in or central vacuum cleaners, also known as ducted vacuum cleaners, move the suction motor and bag to a central location in the building and provide vacuum inlets throughout the building: only the hose and pickup head need be carried from room to room, and the hose is commonly 8 m (25 ft) long, allowing a large range of movement without changing vacuum inlets. Plastic piping connects the vacuum outlets to the central unit. The vacuum head may either be unpowered or have beaters operated by an electric motor or air-driven motor.
The dirt bag in a central vacuum system is usually so large that emptying or changing needs to be done less often, perhaps once per year. The central unit usually stays in "stand-by", and is turned on by a switch on the handle of the hose, or the unit powers up when the hose is plugged into the wall inlet when the metal hose connector makes contact with two prongs in the wall inlet and the current is transmitted through low voltage wires to the main unit. Such a unit also produces greater suction than common vacuum cleaners, because a larger fan and more powerful motor can be used when they are not required to be portable. Another benefit of a central vacuum system is that unlike a standard vacuum cleaner, which blows some of the dirt collected back into the room being cleaned (no matter how efficient its filtration), a central vacuum removes all the dirt collected to the central unit. Since this central unit is usually located outside the living area, no dust is recirculated back into the room being cleaned. In addition, because of the remote location of the motor unit, there is less noise in the room being cleaned than with a standard vacuum cleaner. Also it is possible on most newer models to vent the exhaust entirely outside with the unit inside the living quarters.
- Robotic vacuum cleaners move autonomously, usually in a mostly chaotic pattern ("random bounce"). Some come back to a docking station to charge their batteries, and a few are able to empty their dust containers into the dock as well.
- Small hand-held vacuum cleaners, either battery-operated or mains powered, are also popular for cleaning up smaller spills.
- Drum vacuums are used in industrial applications. With such a configuration, a vacuum "head" sits atop of an industrial drum, using it as the waste or recovery container. Electric and compressed air powered models are common. Compressed air vacuums utilize the venturi effect.
Most vacuum cleaners are supplied with various specialized attachments, tools, brushes and extension wands to allow them to reach otherwise inaccessible places or to be used for cleaning a variety of surfaces.
Above content used under license by: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
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